Esotericism
In academic and historical contexts, Western esotericism is an umbrella used to study currents such as Hermetism, alchemy, Christian Kabbalah, Theosophy and occultism, depending on period and scholarly framework.
Occultism
Occultism is commonly associated with nineteenth-century and later movements that systematized hidden or unseen forces, ritual practices and esoteric correspondences. The adjective “occult” literally relates to what is hidden or concealed.
Why definitions vary
Practitioners, historians and popular media use these words differently. Context matters more than a single dictionary slogan. When reading a claim, ask whether the author is using the term historically, academically or as a contemporary spiritual identity.
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